Cockerell Whirl
This is a pattern by Cockerell Marbled Papers. Cockerell famously offered more than 100 designs, and you can find several examples of this one online. Based on a Google Search, Cockerell made several variants of this pattern, in particular, it was occasionally made with just three colours, but more often with four. I have even seen one example (by Cockerell) that uses five colours.
I don’t know if this pattern has a name; I just call it the Cockerell Whirl. I find it extremely difficult to emulate accurately.
Here is a three-colour version: